Thomas Harris Essays - Hannibal Lecter, Hannibal, Thomas Harris

Thomas Harris Thomas Harris is a man with numerous tallents, an a sharp intrest recorded as a hard copy. He earned a significant in English, he has composed for some papers and is generally known for his second book which turned into a significant movie gaining 5 Academy Awards for Best Picture , Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Director and Best Adapted Screen Play, Silence of the Lambs. Harris was conceived in Jackson Tennessee in 1940 He wanted to peruse, he moved to Rich Mississippi at a youthful age so his dad could persue a cultivating carrer. He got hitched however was separated in the 1960's, by then he had one kid. A girl byt he name of Anne. Now Harris moved to New York to turned into an essayist for the Harold Tribune as a police journalist. He composed minor articles for magazines. In spite of the fact that he found the police work to be exhausting it presented him to the police enviironement which he utilizes in his books. His first novel was wrote in 1975, it was about psychological oppressors who utilize the Goodyear Blimp to attempt to bomb the Super Bowl. Harris and two other collaborators thought of the thought for the story yet Harris dominated and completed the novel. The tale turned into a succsesfull film and a notional hit. Thomas gave a large portion of his time now to composing, he composes with such detail that it took him untill 1981 for him to discharge his next book. One reason Harris' books do so well is a direct result of his tender loving care, he spends numerous years reaserching a subject before he composes a novel about it. His subsequent book, Red Winged serpent was the principal book in a progression of three phycological spine chillers in which you are taken in to the brain of an amazing known as Hannibal the Barbarian Lecter. The following book is by a wide margin his generally renowned and is named Quiet of the Lambs. This tale is about a FBI operator attempting to discover an executioner by the name of Buffalo Bill, she needs to air out the psyche of Hannibal Lecter so as to discover him. His third book Hannibal,is about the chase for the long time got away from executioner Hannibal the Cannible Lecter. Harris presently dwelled in a large number of his homes situated in Rich Mississippi, Long Island NY, and Miami Flordia.

Reflection on Running a Marathon free essay sample

The senior undertaking I decided to do, was to contend in the John Muir Woods Marathon. I chose to run this long distance race since running has consistently been an enthusiasm of mine, and I needed to take it to the following level and contend in an official long distance race. In preparing for the long distance race, I learned self-control, perseverance, and how to have endurance. I additionally realized, that a long distance race (26. 2 miles) is significantly longer than it really appears! I had the option to raise an aggregate of $336. 0 towards the Danny Zabicki Foundation. Running a long distance race was both the hardest, yet most remunerating thing I have ever done in my life. Despite the fact that I realized that it would be an exceptionally long course, it kept going much longer than I had foreseen, and I was unquestionably not expecting such a large number of steps and slopes in the run. I realized that the race would comprise of 4,400 feet of climbing and diving, however until I really began running the course, that number didn’t mean a lot to me. We will compose a custom exposition test on Reflection on Running a Marathon or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page After the initial three miles, I was completely mindful of what 4,400 feet if climbing and dropping involved. It’s still too early to tell in the event that I could ever run another long distance race. In any case, I have no second thoughts in doing as such. My loved ones went along to help me, and I had the option to see them at each check point for support. It was all the more compensating that I could have ever envisioned. To finish it off, I was really ready to run for a reason, which made it even more important to me.

How to Quit an Addiction Advice on Stopping

How to Quit an Addiction Advice on Stopping Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Print How Quitting an Addiction Can Be Challenging By Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Elizabeth Hartney, BSc, MSc, MA, PhD is a psychologist, professor, and Director of the Centre for Health Leadership and Research at Royal Roads University, Canada. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Hartney, BSc., MSc., MA, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on October 27, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on November 25, 2019 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Addiction Coping and Recovery Methods and Support Overcoming Addiction Personal Stories Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Drug Use Nicotine Use Youve recognized you have a problemâ€"that your addictive behavior is affecting other parts of your lifeâ€"and you want to know how to quit an addiction. The chances are that you didnt expect to become addicted when you started. You may have thought you were just having fun and could quit at any time. Many people who develop addictions are surprised at how difficult they find their first attempt at quitting, and end up wondering, Why cant I quit? The good news is that you can quit, although it is a complicated process.  There are many factors, physical, mental, and emotional, that make quitting difficult.?? This is why so many people find treatment helps to guide them through the complex process of quitting â€" although many people are successful quitting on their own. Understanding why quitting is so difficult can help you see that everyone overcoming an addiction goes through the same process to some extent. It is not that you are especially weak-willed or that you are failing any more than anyone else. When you find yourself thinking, feeling, or acting in a particular way that goes against your decision to quit, you can be more compassionate with yourself, and keep trying. Tolerance Tolerance and withdrawal are key factors that contribute to addiction. They are strongly interconnected and are the main processes that got you addicted in the first place.?? If people didnt develop tolerance and withdrawal, they would probably find it a lot easier to quit. Tolerance is a physical and psychological process. When you experience an addictive substance or behavior the first time, it may be overwhelming, unpleasant even, or it may be mild and pleasurable. If the effect feels strong, you may feel there is no danger of you wanting to overdo it. If it is mild, it may seem harmless and innocent. The more times the behavior is repeated, the less sensitivity you have to it, and the more you need to get the same effect. Drugs, such as alcohol and opiates, work on specific parts of the brain, creating physical tolerance. Behaviors, such as sex and gambling, produce feelings of excitement that get less intense over time.?? As tolerance develops, you may want to do more of the drug or behavior to get the same effect. Withdrawal As you become addicted, you may experience withdrawal when you arent able to do the addictive behavior. Physical withdrawal symptoms may occur, such as shaking, feeling unwell, stomach upsets, and/or psychological withdrawal symptoms, such as feeling anxious and depressed. These are easily fixed by more of the addictive substance or behavior. Physical withdrawal from alcohol and drugs although variable and often resolves over a period of several days. However, it tends to be quite unpleasant and it can be dangerous. If you decide to quit, it is best done under medical supervision.?? Discuss physical withdrawal with your doctor for the best way to approach this. Once you have been through withdrawal, there are deeper psychological processes that make it difficult to stay on the wagon. Blocks to Quitting: Conflict and Ambivalence When your addictive behavior becomes excessive to the point of creating conflict, it is out of balance with other parts of your life. Conflict may occur within yourself â€" you want to rein in your behavior while, at the same time, have greater urges to do it. Conflicts also occur with other people: whether they want you to quit or want you to join them in the addictive behavior. Despite making a commitment to quit, and going through the withdrawal phase, conflicts do not simply go away. Expectations are higher than ever before. The one thing you depended on to cope with stressâ€"the addictive behaviorâ€"is now off-limits. This is why it is so important to have other ways of coping firmly established, ideally before quitting. A therapist will help you with this. Without coping strategies in place, you are likely to experience strong urges to go back to the addictive behavior one more time. Relationship support can help you deal with and avoid conflicts without using your addictive behavior for comfort and escape. Ambivalence, the mixed feelings of both wanting to continue with the addictive behavior and wanting to quit, is part of the addictive process even in the early stages of experimentation.?? Often, this is felt in terms of right and wrong, a moral dilemma, especially in relation to sexual and illegal behaviors. In some cases, guilt feelings are appropriate; in others, they are not. Guilt and Justification The discomfort of these feelings of guilt when your behavior doesnt fit with your own standards of right and wrong can be a strong motivator to make changes. Sometimes it can work against you, causing you to justify your behavior to yourself and other people. This can get in the way of the decision to quit.?? Some common justifications are: Denial:  Its not a problem.Minimization:  I have already cut down.Comparisons:  Pollution is more dangerous. Uncle Ted drinks far more than I do.Defiance:  I would rather live a shorter life and be happy than quit and be miserable.Rationalization:  Ive never stolen to finance my habit, I am way more sociable when Ive had a drink.Lesser of Two Evils:  Better I do it than I be impossible to live with.Misinformation:  Cancer doesnt run in my family. It has medicinal uses, so its OK. Chocolate is the only cure for PMS.Taking Behavior out of Context:  In some cultures, polygamy is acceptable.Glorification:  Queen Victoria used to… Patriarchs in the Old Testament had many wives. Jesus drank wine. How Can You Quit? Therapy can help you to cope with uncomfortable feelings and help you unravel the irrational thoughts that keep you addicted. Quitting is not easy or straightforward, but a good treatment program will help you achieve it when you are ready.?? If you are ready to quit, talk to your doctor or call the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) hotline at 1-800-662-4357 or use their online treatment locator to find services in your area. The Best Online Therapy Programs

How Can I Live - 1274 Words

(left align) Savannah Siebenhaar 24 October 2014 Health 110-95/I96 Video Assignment (center) How to Live to Be 100 (Double Spaced, 12 pt. Times New Roman) In today s world, everyone seems to be asking the same question: How can I live longer? In a video entitled How to Live to Be 100, Dan Buettner gives a presentation that attempts to answer this question. In the presentation, he explains a few myths about longevity before discussing three Blue Zones that exist in the world, where living to be over one hundred years old is most common. This information was gathered through research by National Geographic and the National Institute on Aging in which they discovered many facts about†¦show more content†¦The term that he gives for this concept is procreative success, and he explains that this mostly involves genetics. The second myth that Buettner discusses is the myth that treatments can help a person live longer. He says that this myth is false because there are several things that can age us. For example, the thirty five trillion cells that we have in our bodies are replaced every eight years. When this happens, the damage tha t is done builds up over time, which causes aging. That s why a sixty five year old person is aging at a rate of about one hundred and twenty five times faster than a twelve year old person, says Buettner. According to the video, it is not possible to stop this natural process with treatments. These two myths show that most Americans have been misinformed about the process of aging and the way to longevity. The next subject that Buettner discussed was the three Blue Zones where more people live to be over one hundred and the life expectancy is higher than any other locations in the world. The first Blue Zone is located off the coast of Italy, in the Nuoro Province of Sardinia. These people have many habits that make it possible for them to live well over one hundred years old. Some of these habits include physical activity related to their jobs as shepherds, plant-based diets that include special cheeses, breads, and

Joshua Gaugler Essay - 789 Words

The Concert of a Lifetime nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The concert has begun after a fifteen minute delay caused from the powder snow that started early on in the day and continued through the evening. There I stood up in front of the small crowd on this snowy Sunday evening. I glanced out upon the crowd as the piano picked up speed and intensity. I knew that I was about to strike that F chord in a few measures. I quickly removed the moisture from my fingers with the cloth I brought with me. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The band had a special meeting planned after we played the music for our church’s Thanksgiving Supper. We showed up to the church on a cold Saturday morning, making our way to the auditorium. We began to discuss the†¦show more content†¦NFL draft style, the selections rolled on until we had picked out close to one hundred songs. Now we must eliminate certain songs based on the instruments that they use, the difficulty of the song, and making sure the song was church appropriate, since that was were the concert would be held. We picked four of the TSO songs, one of the Mannheim Steamroller songs, and a few carols for after the concert, so everyone could join in. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Now the concert was in place, we picked out our music, but now we were missing our other guitar player. He told us that he was going down to Tennessee to record an album with his other band and would be gone for two weeks. If this wasn’t bad enough, our other guitarist was nowhere to be found. This forced us to make different roles for each member to fill. I had to play lead guitar for the TSO songs, including the famous Christmas Eve Sarajevo, better known as Carol of the Bells. Practices began with a piano, bass, one guitar and the drums. We were in desperate need of a keyboard player to imitate the orchestra’s part in the concert. Running out of options, we looked to the church and found a keyboardist that had long been a friend and supporter of the band. Things began to look up for the concert, but the worst was about to happen to the band. The next month, about two weeks away from the performance date, as everyone set up their instruments for another day of practice, the

American Film History 1930-60 Free Essays

The chief technological innovation during the 1930s was the development of deep focus cinematography. Deep focus involved the expansion of depth of field, resulting in images that maintained sharp focus from objects in the extreme foreground to those in the distant background. Deep focus was achieved by filming with extremely wideangled lenses whose apertures had been stopped down. We will write a custom essay sample on American Film History 1930-60 or any similar topic only for you Order Now This sort of cinematography was made possible by a variety of developments in related fields of film technology. In 1939 the introduction of lens coatings, which permitted 75 per cent more light to pass through the lens to the film inside the camera, enabled cinematographers to decrease the lens aperture an additional stop, facilitating greater image definition. The results of these developments can be seen in Orson Welles’ Citizen Kane (1941). This and other films which were shot in exteriors took advantage of relatively short focal-length lenses and abundant sunlight to produce ‘deep’ images. According to this new code, the film stock’s greater sensitivity to the full range of colours signified a greater realism. On Citizen Kane the Toland style is most pronounced, most systematically and effectively employed, and most widely recognized. Although he had been refining his methods in the films with Wyler and Ford, Toland had yet satisfactorily to combine his technical and stylistic interests within a single picture. He saw Citizen Kane as a chance to experiment on a large scale. In a June 1941 article in Popular Photography entitled â€Å"How I Broke the Rules on Citizen Kane†, Toland related that ‘the photographic approach †¦ was planned and considered long before the first camera turned’, which was itself ‘most unconventional in Hollywood’, where cinematographers generally have only a few days to prepare to shoot a film. Robert L. Carringer, in his indepth sudy of the production, writes that Welles and Toland ‘approached the film together in a spirit of revolutionary fervor’, and that ‘Welles not only encouraged Toland to experiment and tinker, he positively insisted on it’ (Nowell-Smith 45). The work indicated something of a shift to a more documentary-style realism. Citizen Kane was, then, an opportunity for Toland to make flamboyant deep focus identified with his own work. Welles had come to Hollywood with no professional film experience, and (according to Welles) Toland had sought out the Kane assignment. After the filming was completed, Toland was at pains to claim several innovations. For greater realism, he explained, many sets were designed with ceilings, which required him to light from the floor. Since the sets were also deep, he relied on the carrying power of arc lamps. Furthermore, since Welles and Toland had decided to stage action in depth, Toland sought great depth of focus by using Super XX film, increasing the lighting levels, and using optically coated wide-angle lenses (Bordwell 45). The result shifted the traditional limits of deep space. In yielding a depth of field that extended from about eighteen inches to infinity, Toland’s ‘pan-focus’ made it possible to have a sharp foreground plane in medium shot or even close-up and still keep very distant background planes in focus. Fifty years on, Kane remains contentious. French critic Andre Bazin, who saw it in 1946 at the same time as Italian neo-realism, argued that its extensive use of deep focus promoted the reality of the phenomenal world of the film, but subsequent critics have noted that the film is also highly self-conscious, artificial, and even baroque. The use of deep focus was not unique, and director of photography Gregg Toland had already experimented with it on other productions. Welles’s role as ‘author’ of the film has also been hotly contested, notably by Pauline Kael (1974), who argued, probably incorrectly, that the script was solely the work of Herman J. Mankiewicz. But even if Kane was not completely novel in its structures or techniques, it remains the fact that these techniques are masterfully integrated in the film’s complex texture. Bazin, for example, argued that Citizen Kane was a film of high quality in that it was a film of realism. Realism was an axiom of his aesthetic position. But the statement which links this axiom with the specific aesthetic judgement of Citizen Kane raises problems. The realism of the film, Bazin argues, derives from its use of deep-focus photography and minimal cutting. Such techniques minimize fragmentation of the real world. The trouble is that this could be a definition of realism as nonfragmentation, or an assertion that films employing such techniques are perceived as more real. The latter, unlike the former, is open to empirical test, although Bazin uses it as a selfevident aesthetic judgement. Thus, although there is nothing inherently wrong with the argument, it does involve different sorts of statements with consequent different criteria of adequacy. Bazin does share a considerable admiration for the achievements of Italian neo-realism; in particular. And yet Bazin rarely falls into the trap of seeming to formulate a puritan aesthetic which will include neo-realism at the expense of all else. Unlike Kracauer (formally, at least) he admits to different forms of realism. Thus, for example, the distinction he draws between the ‘documentary’ realism of Scarface and the ‘aesthetic’ realism of Citizen Kane, both forms allegedly finding their unification in La Terra Trema (Bordwell 90). This willingness to speak of different types of realism can lead to problems in interpreting his position. In Signs and Meaning in the Cinema, Wollen takes to task two contemporary inheritors of Bazin’s views (Barr and Metz) over their opposition of Rossellini and Eisenstein. The villain for Bazin, he points out, was not Eisenstein, but German Expressionism. But the real problem is that at different times, and in different ways, Bazin occupies both positions. He starts life invoking a case similar to Kracauer’s in favour of a ‘purist’ realism. But this proves too limiting for his much more catholic tastes, and so he also develops a second case as spatial realism. Unfortunately, he never really brings the two conceptions face to face; never really resolves the strains between them. It seems useful here to take a closer look at these basics of his argument: The realism of the cinema follows directly from its photographic nature. Not only does some marvel or some fantastic thing on the screen not undermine the reality of the image, on the contrary, it is its most valid justification. Illusion in the cinema is not based as it is in the theatre on convention tacitly accepted by the general public; rather, contrariwise, it is based on the inalienable realism of that which is shown. All trick work must be perfect in all material respects on the screen. The `invisible man’ must wear pyjamas and smoke a cigarette (Bazin 108). Andre Bazin puts Welles in his pantheon of realist directors, along with Renoir, Rossellini, De Sica, Stroheim, Flaherty, and even Murnau (whom he praises for choosing the moving camera over editing in the construction of many of his filmic scenes). Yet Citizen Kane is also a film in the tradition of German Expressionism. Like Murnau, Welles externalized the subjectivity of his characters (and especially of Kane) by means of psychologically charged settings, acute camera angles, distorting lenses, and disconcerting camera movements (Tudor 56). The demented architecture of Xanadu in the mist-enshrouded shots at the beginning of the film recalls Howard Hawks’ Scarface (1932). Near the end of the film both Susan and Kane are dwarfed by the oversized ornaments and statuary that furnish Xanadu, and serve as external projections of Kane’s inner deadness and mindless materialism. The gargantuan rooms through which their voices echo—they nearly have to shout at each other to be heard—reflect the distance that has grown between them. When Kane steps into an enormous blazing fireplace and informs Susan that â€Å"Our home is here,† he metaphorically becomes the host of hell. After Susan leaves him, Kane, now utterly alone, wanders past a structure of double reflecting mirrors which reflect his image into infinity. As far as he looks, all he can see are images of himself, a perfect physical representation for a man trapped within his own narcissism. Welles also used extreme camera angles and strange camera movements in conjunction with his expressive mise-en-scene. In the year of its release, Citizen Kane was a radically experimental film—fully twenty years ahead of its time—and was widely recognized as such by American critics. Citizen Kane is surely the most celebrated and analyzed of all English language films and, arguably, the greatest – at least as measured by periodic surveys of critics and scholars. We saw that in the 1940s a realist aesthetic somewhat modified classical practice. This was conceived as partly an ‘objective’ verisimilitude, especially of setting and lighting. Location shooting, taken in conjunction with low-key (‘mood’) lighting, helped define one distinct postwar cinematographic practice. This practice did not fundamentally violate classical principles of causal and generic motivation. This conception of ‘realism’ also owed something to a standardization of deep-focus shooting. Certain traits became common to many ‘realistic’ films of the 1940s and 1950s. Finally, Bazin sees both forms of realism in spatial realism of Welles. Certainly Citizen Kane preserves the unity of space through Toland’s deep-focus photography. Certainly the cuts are minimized by use of dissolves and joins across the soundtrack. But Welles is, nevertheless, the true inheritor of expressionism, the specialist in the distortion by camera angle, the mysterious shadows once painted but now created through lighting, the grotesque, and the baroque. Works Cited Bazin, Andre, What is Cinema? op. cit. Bordwell, David, The Classical Hollywood Cinema: Film Style Mode of Production to 1960. Routledge: London, 1988. Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey The Oxford History of World Cinema. Oxford University Press: Oxford, 1997. Tudor, Andrew, Theories of Film. Viking Press: New York, 1974. How to cite American Film History 1930-60, Papers

Misinterpretation of Childrens Poetry Essay Example For Students

Misinterpretation of Childrens Poetry Essay Misinterpretation of Childrens Poetry vassals Poetry Is meant to be Interpreted In many deferent ways. This Is what makes poetry so diverse when compare to other writings. The many interpretations of poetry is a good thing, but also a bad. Too much interpretation can destroy the true meaning of the poem. This can happen with all kinds of poetry, but It is more likely to happen with childrens poetry. Jack Pressures is a famous childrens poet. Premenstrual named the first Childrens Poet Laureate by the Poetry Foundation in 2006. He spends much of his time presenting poetry to children, and sometimes even sings out his poetry. However this doesnt mean his poetry is only Intended for children. Persecutes poetry does have meaning towards an older audience. His poetry has a wide range of audiences, and with all these ranges of audiences. There will be a wide range of interpretation of his poems. With so much different interpretations of the poem, the true meaning of the poem is mask behind the hundreds, and even thousands of other meanings we put In. One of the most widely interpreted poems by Pressures is Bleeders Ice Cream. The poem is about a person name Benzene Bleeder, and this person owns an ice cream shop with 28 unique divine flavors. As a child, they will only understand the silliness off the poem. As they will compare to walking Into an Ice cream store with unique flavors, but an adult will interpret this much more differently. In the first stanza the name Benzene as interpreted by an adult would mean the helping stone. In the book of Samuel Benzene meant, thus far the lord has help me, but most commonly referred to as the helping stone. As In the filth line of the first stanza 28 divine creations Is well connected to the biblical meaning of Benzene. While an adult would call say the twenty eight divine creations are human beings, on the other and children would consider these creations as unique flavors of ice cream. The two meanings are so widely interpreted it destroys the meaning of the poem. If the meaning of the poem Is gone, then there Is no valid meaning to the poem. If this is so the poem would no longer be consider a poem, but rather words on paper. Truth is there is meaning, and that meaning comes from the author. The modern critic has faithfully and closely examined the text to Its independent meaning Instead of Its supposed significance to the authors life (2). The person who wrote the poem gave it its meaning, and those who interpret it cannot give the poem meaning, because they are not the author of the poem. Many interpreters use logic or history, such as the history of the author to draw its meaning. However this does not always mean the meaning of the poem Is right. The Interpreters have no way of knowing what the author is feeling as he writes the poem, and also how he feels when revising it. Readers maybe believe they have the right meaning of the poem, but in fact this also causes false interpretations and leads to false meanings of the poem. With so much false Interpretations of poetry we almost mistrust any kind of meaning towards a poem. All meanings of the poem are then seen as peoples FIFO Morris Henry Parted, an assistant professor at University of California, stated Plats consistent mistrust of art in his explicit consideration of art must take his tacit enjoyment and his use of poetry (209). Therefore we mistrust poetry because we know poetry is a kind of art. .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .postImageUrl , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:hover , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:visited , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:active { border:0!important; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:active , .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398 .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5b52977e42351c1063a1a02a34584398:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Compare and Contrast John Betjeman's EssayKnowing this, we then get the notion that art is interpreted in different ways. This leads to why we misinterpret poetry the way we do. The opinions of these people which led to misinterpretation of the poem, are their feelings towards the type of poetry. Joan Peskiness of University of Toronto said Taken to an extreme, an assumption that poetry reading is personal and natural would blur any distinction between an experience or inexperienced reader (236). No matter how experience you are at reading poetry, there is always the chance that you let your feelings take over. When that happens, we lose all sight of what the true meaning of the poem is. Instead we let our emotions analyze the meaning of the poem. Our emotions only see what it wants to see, and this can misinterpret poetry to a great extent. We dont truly analyze the words, and try to understand what it means. Rather we read the poem, and we gave it meanings which coincide with what we feel. Everybody feels differently, and if one person feels it this way, it doesnt mean the other person will too. We see poetry as art, and art is form by using pictures. Pressures is an imagery poet, his poems paints pictures in our heads. Persecutes poem as soon as Fred gets out of bed, in the first stanza fourth, and fifth line it states a heads no place for underwear! But near his ears, above his brains. We can picture a child who has an underwear on his head, but since art is interpreted in many ways. We find another meaning for what this means. An adult would interpret this as someone who is finishing up unfinished work. If the underwear was on his head, then he would be in over his head. Someone has dump too much on the person. This is not so as he lift the underwear over his head, and doing so he lift the heavy load off of him. Another example would be from the second stanza where it states At night when Fred goes back to bed, he deftly plucks it off his head. As a child they would picture a boy who takes his underwear of his head. While an adult would interpret it as Fred has had a long day, and by plucking it off his head he takes the weight of the Eng day off him before going to bed. If imagery really set us up for misinterpreting poems, then why does the author do this? The truth is imagery actually lessens the effects of misinterpretations of the poem. S. L. Bethel said in his lecture Shakespeare Imagery Unfortunately without them (imagery) the story itself is liable to misinterpretation (71). We all heard the saying a picture is worth a thousand words. Meaning a picture can be described in a thousand ways. Its true that imagery can make us misinterpret poems, but the effects of the misinterpretations are much bigger. We can visualize what is going on n the poem, but we only see one picture. Then we use that picture to describe the meaning of the poem. The images we picture in our minds we give it only one meaning. While others also have the same picture in their minds, and creates their own meaning. Adding it all together a picture which has thousands of meaning, escalates to many more different meanings. Presented to the reader. Pressures uses a lot of rhyme schemes in his poem, which are directed at children. In his poem Dora Dilled, which is a four line poem, and a rhyme scheme of ABA. In this traditional rhyme scheme we look for meaning between the two Ass, and the two Bis. According to A. .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .postImageUrl , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:hover , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:visited , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:active { border:0!important; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:active , .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412 .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u360a6dd75fa71380c8781501bdd16412:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The movie dead poet's societys neil EssayC Bradley who is a professor of poetry at University of Oxford said in his Journal Poetry for Poetrys Sake claimed There is no such thing as mere form in poetry. All form is expression (9). The form of poetry is how it is presented to our eyes. According to Bradley, the form of poetry is not a factor when it comes to finding meaning within a poem. Literary theorist Jonathan Culler stated that reading poetry is not a natural activity but is charged with artifice, that is, assimilated by a special set of expectations that the reader assimilated (238). We as a reader come into poetry expecting to find some mind of meaning. This according to Culler is a way we deceive ourselves, and find false meaning too poem. If we expect to find meaning in a poem before we read it. Then it would be very easy to find a false meaning, because we are so sure that there is a true meaning. We overlook the possibility that the meaning we found can mean something else. Another possibility according to Culler is that inexperience poetry readers find it difficult to construct a meaning when reading poetry (239). We think that since childrens poetry is meant for children, we overlook the fact that the meaning should be easy to locate. Persecutes poetry is not only intended for children, but also adults. The inexperience readers will have a hard time finding the meaning to a childrens poetry. Then they will make up a meaning based on what they thought the poem meant. The meaning does not coincide with the true meaning of the poem, and therefore this is a misinterpretation of the poem. All in all analyzing poetry is different for everyone, and we all interpret it different ways. Childrens poetry is more vulnerable to misinterpretation due to its wide range of audiences. The readers have different ways of interpreting poetry, but most of hose interpretations are false. They give meaning where there isnt one, and some even make up their own meaning. The meaning of poetry only comes from the author, and since the reader did not write the work. They would not know what the true meaning of the poem is, and even though they are free to make interpretations. These interpretations are mostly misinterpreted. With so much misinterpretation the true meaning of a poem is masked within these interpretations. Just like a needle in a hay stack, we have to continuously search for that true meaning. At the same time we have to understand other readers will create new meanings.

Communication Process Model

Communication can be referred to as the process by which messages get sent and received. I happened to experience two misunderstandings, one in college and another in the work place. In one of the misunderstandings, a secretary showed thumbs up sign to a colleague who had just acquired a job promotion from the assistant manager to the manager (Heath, 1983). The colleague was embarrassed as she thought that the worker was passing over an obscenity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Process Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The secretary however explained the implication of the gesture to her colleague. She did this through stating the dangers of misunderstandings, followed by a brief but clear explanation of the same (Griffin, 1998). She however sounded sorry and empathetic about her feelings when she received the message (Hall, 1969), but remained confident that she knew that the sign had no ill meaning whatsoever (Morris, Collette, Marsh, O’Shaughnessy, 1980). Sender and receiver of the message in communication In this conversation, the secretary took the position of the sender whereby she originated the message and sent it to her colleague, who was the receiver. The message in the conversation was a gesture of goodwill and congratulations for the new position attained after the promotion. The channel used in the conversation was light waves, which helped the receiver decode the message through interpretation. Misunderstandings in communication The misunderstanding that occurred in this case was the idea that the receiver of the message thought that her colleague was being jealous and hence the insult. This was because the two ladies came from different cultural backgrounds and attached different meanings to given sign languages. This could be avoided by coming up with a common language in the work place. Another case of misunderstanding that I experienced was in a school set up where students received advice from one of the teachers after rampant cases of drug abuse. The sender of the message in this case was the teacher who passed on the message to the recipients. The students on the other hand, were the recipients of the message. Message The message put across by the teacher in this case was a piece of advice and counseling about the effects that drugs had on their health and life in general. The teacher began with a startling opening where he gave statistics of students who dropped out of school and lived reckless lives as a result of drug and substance abuse. (Heath, 1983). He also gave statistics of students and celebrities who had lost their lives to the same. Channel of communication The channel for communication used in this case was sound and light waves where the students listened to what the teacher was saying and observed his actions. This helped them interpret the message more clearly and effectively. The misunderstanding came a bout when the teacher said that he admired the strength that the students had in looking for trouble.Advertising Looking for essay on communication strategies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The students misinterpreted the message put across by the teacher, by thinking that he was also a victim of drugs. This caused trouble in the school whereby the students undertook a demonstration that lead to firing of the teacher. To avoid such instances teachers and other administrators should enhance clarity in their speech. Conclusion Effective communication is of great importance. For this to be maintained, it is necessary for people to appreciate each other based on their cultural backgrounds (Rogers, Steinhart, 1999). People should also make use of gestures and signs that do not contradict the meaning of their messages. Use of body language and gestures should be discouraged in the work place and other formal institutions. This he lps in reducing cases of cultural discrimination and enhances harmony and unity. References Griffin, J. (1998). How to say it at work: Putting yourself across with power words, phrases, body language and communication secrets. Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press. Hall, E. T. (1969). Listening behaviors: Some cultural differences. Phi Delta Kappa, 50, 379–380. Heath, S. B. (1983). Ways with words. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press. Morris, D., Collette, P., Marsh, P., O’Shaughnessy, M. (1980). Gestures, their origins and distributions. New York: Stein and Day. Rogers, E. M., Steinhart, T. M. (1999). Intercultural communication. Prospect Heights, IL: Waveland Press.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Communication Process Model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This essay on Communication Process Model was written and submitted by user Cecilia Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Giles Corey Character Essay Essay Example

Giles Corey Character Essay Essay Example Giles Corey Character Essay Paper Giles Corey Character Essay Paper The Truly Honorable Person The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, is a story that takes place around the Salem witch trials in 1692. The play mainly focuses around the Proctor family, John and Elizabeth Proctor are wrongfully accused of witchcraft Just like the rest of the town. Giles Corey is a local senior citizen and well known throughout the town, he mentions that his wife reads strange books and his wife gets accused even though she just reads. Giles Corey starts to realist the reasons for some of the accusations ND starts to accuse the accusers and Inform the Judges thats Its all a Ill to try to preserve peoples honor and Integrity. Giles character reflects a major question raised In the play: What does It take to be a truly honorable person? As Giles efforts to stay an honorable person and help keep other peoples honor, he Is willing to go to great lengths to keep his honor. In the second act, Proctors Is getting warned by Hale, vaulting as a friend not an official of the court, that his Wolfe name was brought up in court and that she might be arrested for witchcraft. Giles and Francis come in and tart to talk about how their wives of all people were arrested, and Giles is seems most concerned when he says, I never said my wife were a watch, Mr.. Hale: I only said she were reading books (71). This is when Giles first starts to worry about his honor and his wifes honor if the word gets out that she was arrested. : This is the beginning of Giles quest to stay an honorable person and possibly save many others honor. As honorable and self preserving as Giles Corey is, he is obviously going to stand up for his wife and talk to detonator about his wrongful arrest. His first reactions were of shock, now he is angry and is pleading to Judge Detonator, They be telling lies about my wife (85), then goes on to tell him that he didnt mean for her to be arrested when he said, inform Excellency, I only said she were reading books, sir, and they come and take her out of my house for (86). Giles is Distraught about his wife being arrested for possibly his words, he wants to do anything to get her out. Giles is trying to talk Detonator into some sense, she was Just reading books, reading doesnt instantly mean that she should be arrested. In act four, it is revealed what happened to Giles when he wanted to keep his honor and the honor of another instead of Just throwing it away when Detonator asks for someone name. In order to save his land he denied to answer to a question aye or nay, this is revealed when Elizabeth says, So he stand mute, and died Christian under law (135) and, Great Stones they lay upon his chest until he plead aye or nay. They say he give them but two words, More Weight (135). Giles sacrifices himself by not answering aye or nay to Detonators question and was killed by stones laid upon is chest so that his land did not get sold and his sons could Inherit his land. Giles Corey Is truly an honorable person when It comes to his role In this story. The play was written during the time of McCarthy and The Red Scare, Its connected to these events because the Salem witch trials and salary to those events, people calling each other out because they didnt Like them. People Just get caught up In the moment and do things that are crazier than they think they are. Giles Corey Character Essay By D_Chutes she Just reads. Giles Corey starts to realist the reasons for some of the accusations ND starts to accuse the accusers and inform the Judges thats its all a lie to try to preserve peoples honor and integrity. Giles character reflects a major question raised in the play: What does it take to be a truly honorable person? As Giles efforts to stay an honorable person and help keep other peoples honor, he is willing to go to great lengths to keep his honor. In the second act, Proctors is getting warned by Hale, visiting as a friend not an official of the court, that his wifes name was brought up be arrested when he said, mirror Excellency, I only said she were reading books, sir, sent instantly mean that she should be arrested. Ender law (135) and, Great Stones they lay upon his chest until he plead aye or nay. His chest so that his land did not get sold and his sons could inherit his land. Giles Corey is truly an honorable person when it comes to his role in this story. The play was written during the time of McCarthy and The Red Scare, its connected to these events because the Salem witch trials and similar to those events, people calling each other out because they didnt like them. People Just get caught up in the

The russian economy from the fall of communism (1991) to joing the wto Essay

The russian economy from the fall of communism (1991) to joing the wto (2012) - Essay Example f government keeping in mind the end goal to stay in force or increase control by offering enormous financial changes to conciliate the masses or to keep most essential parts of society prosperous and substance (Barnett and Vincent, 2005)3. Despite the fact that students of history would contend that in large portions of these cases, it is just as simple to contend, if not all the more thus, that at the heart of each issue that brought about or could result in transformation were basic monetary intentions, either for the regular man or the decision tip top. In 1991 the Democratic Party and its pioneer, Boris Yeltsin, was left in control of Russia in the wake of superseding the socialist party4. The democrats had a noteworthy issue staring them in the face: keeping in mind the end goal was to dispose of socialism, they would need to do a lot of harm to everything socialism had managed in the nation. This incorporated Russias economy and political structure. The democrats had not anticipated that would come into force as all of a sudden as they had, and thus President Yeltsin had no acceptable arrangements in regards to the move that must be made5. At the point when little was carried out in the first month of Yeltsins tenet to enhance the emergency confronting the country, the Russian individuals started to get agitated as they acknowledged how serious an impact the evacuation of socialism would have on both the economy and their regular life. Yeltsin was the leader of Russia in the early 1990s. His role was to unite all the democrats and groups in order to create an environment for the Russian economy. Yeltsin chose to work with democrats only, which did not help Russia’s economy. In 1991, Yeltsin together with his guides, including Yegor Gaydar who was an economist, created a system of radical monetary changes. The Russian government and the Supreme Soviet additionally stretched out pronouncement forces to the president requesting for a one-year time for the

Budgeting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Budgeting - Essay Example In this way, the managers will be motivated to achieve the desired budgetary targets. Budget is like a pressure device. For example, each department is given a certain budgetary goals and targets and they are to be achieved within a specified period of time. Consequently, the department manager will be required to work hard and take necessary steps for achieving the budget targets. Sometimes, the given budget targets are difficult and challenging. In that condition, the department manager feels the pressure because the given targets look unachievable. Budgetary control can be defined as determining and evaluating planned budget with the actual results and taking necessary measures to obtain the budget objectives. In the budgetary control, first a budget is planned and its objectives are also determined. Subsequently, after getting the actual results, they are compared with the planned budget. After that, if certain budget objectives are not met, the causes will be investigated and then the corrective measures will be taken. Activity based budgeting means budgeting based on activities. In this budgeting process, activities which incur cost are summarised and recorded and subsequently analysed. After this step, it is the responsibility of related department manager to identify and establish relationship between them. By knowing the relationship between cost and activities, the managers become in a position to develop an achievable. Based on the relationship between activities and costs, the managers can use the actual results and forecast the cost behaviour and its subsequent trend and impact on the overall budgeting process. Zero based budgeting means entire budgeting process should be started from scratch. The budgetary objectives, goals, budgetary targets, budgetary planning and other features of budgeting are started from zero level. On the other hand, flexible budgeting is different than zero based budgeting because only some adjustment is

Contemporary Issues In Administration And Management Management Essay

Contemporary Issues In Administration And Management Management Essay As according to the case study about the Accent hotel Group (AHG), which is a family owned business. It has got 7 hotels running four in two major capital cities(4star) and three at an international airport (two 3 star and one 4 star) . The Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of AHG is Daniel Rycart which is also followed by the eight boards of directors. The hotel is operated as a semi-autonomous profit centre and supported by in-house and outsourced services. There are 800 rooms in each hotel and they employ 800 staffs. The hotel offers a number of high class facilities like indoor swimming pool, gym, sauna, bar, restaurants etc. For the quality standards of the hotels, Daniel (CEO) has set a vision of commitment to excellence for the group. Administration: Administration as design and implementation of systems and procedures instigated by management to help meet stated objectives (Mullins, 2007.p.414). So in other words Mullins states that administration is very important in the organization as it performs day to day operational activities to achieve the organizational goals and targets with the different types of departments operating in the organization. Like in the Accent hotel group there are CEO, IT Department, Finance department, Hospitality Hotel services, Human Resource Department, Legal Service Department, Operational Department, Risk Management Department, and Sales Marketing Department who has major roles in administration process. So administration helps them in strategic planning process in order to formulate or implement the strategy through proper guidance and coordination. According to (Richman Farmer, 1977) administration connects all the departments from top level to lower level so there is a flow of information with the necessary suggestions and feedback that helps the top level management to plan for the future. Without the administration it is very difficult to operate because there are number of routine decision-making, operational activities, internal controlling and observation and formulation of strategies and goals takes place (Richman Farmer, 1977). Generally effective administration means the process and systems of administration being run smoothly through proper coordination and controlling of activities, staffs and information in an efficient and effective manner (Richman Farmer, 1977). Through the effective administration, the organisation is benefited in number of ways as it stores the necessary documents of the organization like record keeping, utilizes the resources efficiently and effectively, there is a satisfaction of customer and employees and makes the brand image of the organisation (CfA, 2001). According to the research conducted by the CfA (2003), an organization (Accent Hotel Group) can provide effective administration through: 1. Effective Communication: Communication is the act of exchanging views, news, ideas, process, information, etc. between the sender and receiver (Hartley and bruckmann, 2002). In the organization communication plays a vital role because without the communication, the organization cannot operate its activities. As we know communication helps to send information throughout each and every department. While communicating, ones should use proper language to be effective. Daniel Rycaart could communicate properly with different department (Human Resource, Finance, Operational, etc) so that the information or instructions or rules laid down by him are correct, understandable and to the point so that it will bring effective administration otherwise miscommunication leads to disputes, employee turnover, etc. 2. Resource Allocation: Resources are assets that are required by an organization. For the Accent Hotel Group (AHG) to run smoothly it requires raw materials, human resources, financial resources, etc. These resources need to be managed properly taking in consideration the efficient use of time as a resource. For example if there is lack of resources (i.e. computers, heating, chairs, etc.) then the works will be delayed because of bad working environment and no interest of employees at work might be witnessed. So, allocating the resources and time management helps to make administration effective. 3. Training and Development: According to Torrington et al. (2007) in order to provide effective administration for an organization (like AHG), their staff should be well trained which can be done by providing different types of on-the-job or off-the-job training to increase their capability, knowledge and make them flexible in handling or dealing with different types of problems that are met by the AHG. This brings the commitment to the organization from the employees (Rae. L, 2000). 4. Performance Management: It is very much necessary for the AHG to measure the performance of their staff as low performance could decrease the quality standard of the AHG. It is a forward looking and developmental as it provides the platform for the managers to help or support their staff (Armstrong. M, 2000) 5. Culture As of the case study culture plays a vital role in planning, process and systems of the AHG. Culture helps in understanding the behaviour and working background of the organisation because it teaches us through the experience and develops ourselves (Handy. C, 1993). Like if the organization has a culture of helping each other while tackling or facing the problems , good communication between the staffs or co-workers instead of being rude or showing attitude openness then the future staff will also follows the same culture and in the end they will be committed towards the excellence (Schien. E. H, 2004) Conclusion In conclusion, we can conclude above points that administration helps the organization to perform its day to day activities and in strategic planning process in order to achieve the organizational goals and objectives (Mullins, 2007). In order to attain the organizational goals and objectives the administration needs to be effective. Effective administration provides coordination and control of staffs and activities, records documents and information, satisfies the customer and employee, etc (CfA, 2001). So in the Accent Hotel Group, effective administration can be achieved through effective communication, resource allocation, training and development, performance management and culture (CfA, 2003). Hence commitment to excellence can be achieve through effective administration. PART B Commitment to Excellence In commitment to excellence there are two words commitment and excellence in which commitment refers to the act of devoting oneself towards the accomplishment of something and excellence refers to a valuable quality by which one excels (brainyquote.com). So, commitment to excellence in business terms it means being committed towards the achievement of quality standard in terms of price, products, services, materials, etc that highlights the company images and development (Hannagan. T, 2007). According to Hannagan (2007), commitment to excellence is a very useful strategy that is used by many organizations like AHG has also used commitment to excellence in order to make the professional image and develop the organization internally. Because once all the employees are committed then their full interest, positive attitude and behaviour towards the accomplishment and development of organizational goals and objectives can be drawn which is the good advantage for the AHG. Overall it is abo ut diverting towards committing with less freedom in order to achieve quality. So commitment to excellence can be achieved in following ways through: 1. Motivation: Motivation is the desire within a person causing that person to act (Mathis. R.L and Jackson. J.H, 2008.p.72). In other words motivation is the act of influencing the employees behaviour towards the achievement or fulfilment of goals and objectives. It increases the performance, goodwill and overall image. Motivation helps the employees to motivate towards their work which can be done by providing salaries, rewards, promotion, recognition, etc and also through job design, job rotation and job enrichment (Torrington et al, 2007). So when employees would be motivated then they would be fully committed to work towards achieving the excellence. 2. Learning and Development: In regarding to Argyris and Schon (1978), they have defined learning as a process in which the mistakes and errors are ascertained by the organisation and correct their mistakes by improving or increasing their knowledge through learning from experience database. Organization can do so by providing training that develop skills, efficiency, better opportunities, job satisfaction, better inter-personal relationship, etc in order to avoid mistakes and errors in the output result so that quality can be achieved (Torrington et al, 2007). In the office if a person knows what to do, what not to do, what are their targets and goals, etc then it is more likely that they will be committed towards the excellence 3. Leadership: Leadership is defined as the ability to influence people towards the achievement of a common goal (Amandi et al, 2003.p.1077). Leadership is very much important in the organization as it guides, leads or motivates all the organizations staffs towards the goals and targets. So a leader should be visionary, creative, flexible, imaginative, decisional, etc so if an organisation has a leader with that quality then the people working under it will be organized, cooperative, and together and satisfied to be committed to the organization. Continuous Improvement Continuous improvement can be defined as a concept of being or remaining excellent in the field with whatever the circumstance to be in (hutchins.co.uk). It is about continuously finding out even if there are small mistakes or errors and resolving them by eliminating completely from the system or process for the improvement. It helps in growth and development of the organization because it improves products, services and processes. Continuous improvement can be achieved by using: 1. Kaizen (Japanese Management): According to Torrington et al (2008), Kaizen it is a Japanese strategy used as a continuous improvement of the organization. The techniques like Just in Time (JIT) technology which is used for continuous improvement. This teaches the business to start from the very ground level and taking small steps towards improving even small things to big things with the involvement of everyone i.e. managers and workers also. It tells everyday there needs to improvement of something. 2. Total Quality Management (TQM): TQM is defined as comprehensive approach to improving competitiveness, effectiveness and flexibility through planning, organising and understanding each activity and involving each individual at each level (Oakland, 1994.p.40). TQM mainly focuses on the quality control, quality assurance and quality management through which it satisfies the customers, less faulty products, motivates employees and competes with rivals with the chance of expansion and diversification. Since TQM is a continuous process that facilitates employee empowerment, involvement and participation, is customer focused and all that helps in continuous improvement of an organization (Torrington et al, 2007). 3. Benchmarking: In contrast with the Oakland (1994), benchmarking can be defined as improving the performance of the organisation by marking its progress to other leader competing in the market place. It is basically setting targets or goals of another successor that he/she/organization will achieve to set targets in a certain time in order to increase their performance or growth and development. It is also a continuous process as it compares the other companies process and systems and how they are operating in order to design plan to improve their performance and be continuously innovative at all the times (Torrington et al, 2007). It also facilitates the creation of organizational culture that is outward-looking and learning oriented which means comparing the other companies systems, process, etc (Hannagan, 2008). Conclusion From the above information what it says is commitment to excellence helps the organization to be committed towards excellence that is quality, develops the performance of the staff and makes the professional image of the company (Hannagan, 2007). So Accent Hotel Group can achieve commitment to excellence by motivating the staff, leading the staff and providing learning and development to the staff. Continuous improvement helps the organisation to develop consistently and to be or remain best in the field (hutchins.co.uk). Continuous improvement can be seen in the Accent Hotel Group through total quality management, benchmarking the success and using Japanese strategy-Kaizen. REFRENCES Mullins, L. J. (2007) Management and Organisational Behaviour. London: Financial Times-Prentice Hall. Richman, B. M. and Farmer, N. (1977) Leadership; Goals and Power in Higher Education. Jossey-Bass. Council for Administration (2001, 2003) Business and Administration Skills Survey. London Hartley, P. and Bruckmann, C. G. (2002) Business Communication. London: Routlegde. Rae, L. (2000). Effective Planning in Training and Development. London: Kogan Page Limited. Armstrong, M. (2000) Performance Management: Key Strategies and Practical Guidelines. 2nd Edition. London: Kogan Page Limited. Handy, C. (1993) Understanding Organisation, 4th Edition. USA: Oxford University Press Schien, E. H. (2004) Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Hannagan, T. (2007) Management: Concepts and Practices, 5th Edition. Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Mathis, R.L and Jackson, J.H. (2008) Human Resource Management, 12th Edition. USA: Thompson South Western Inc. Argyris, C. and Schà ¶n, D. (1978) Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. Addison-Wesley Amandi, B., Oppedisano, J. and Sherman, H. (2003) Leadership Theory and Practice: A Case in Point, Management Decision, 41(10): 1076-1088 Torrington, D., Hall, L. and Taylor, S. (2007) Human Resource Management, 7th Edition. Europe: Financial Times/Prentice Hall. Oakland, J. (1994:40) cited in MDP (2010) BSc (Hons) Management and Business Administration: Contemporary Issues in Administration and Management, Part 2. Bangor: MDP Hannagan, T. (2008) cited in MDP (2010) BSc (Hons) Management and Business Administration: Contemporary Issues in Administration and Management, Part 2. Bangor: MDP http://www.brainyquote.com/words/ex/excellence162353.html Accessed on: 08/03/11 http://www.brainyquote.com/words/co/commitment146024.html Accessed on: 08/03/11 http://www.hutchins.co.uk/tr_contimp.aspx Accessed on: 08/03/11

Are monopolies necessarily less efficient than perfect competition Essay

This essay will look at efficiency between both a monopoly and a perfect competition, and whether a monopoly is necessarily less efficient than perfect competition. Using diagrams and equations reflecting the optimal choice of output, marginal revenue and marginal cost for monopolies, I will explain how efficiency is affected by low levels of production. At the same time monopolies can increase efficiency due to their ability in price discrimination, they price people differently and therefore people pay what they truly believe the good is worth. There needs to be a clear description of the differences between monopoly and perfect competition as well as efficiency; an analysis of deadweight loss and natural monopoly is also important with regards to the monopolies efficiency. Therefore even though a competitive economy is efficient and a monopoly suffers from certain inefficient levels of production it is not necessarily less efficient than perfect competition. A monopoly is a single supplier within a market that chooses to produce at any point on the market demand curve; they appear when other firms find it unprofitable or impossible to enter a market. The market becomes affected by high barriers to entry, which are split into technical and legal barriers. Technical barriers are created when the production of a good produces decreasing marginal and average costs over a wide range of output levels; in this situation, large scale firms are low cost producers. Another technical barrier to monopolies is their ability to discover a low cost production technique and having ownership over productive resources therefore preventing the formation of other firms. Legal barriers occur when a monopoly is created by the government as a matter of law, there is the creation of a patent that allows the one firm to use the basic technology for a product. Varian describes how monopolies arise within his writings, he states that monopolies develop when the minimum efficient scale is large relative to the size of the market, then the industry becomes a candidate for regulation or other forms of government intervention. A second way a monopoly may arise is when a number of different firms in an industry collude and restrict output in order to raise prices and therefore increase their profits. This form of industry is referred to as a cartel (Varian, 1996, p. 418-419). From this we can see that if demand is large relative to the MES (minimum efficient scale) a competitive market will arise, if it is small, a monopoly structure is possible. This is influences by both the technological level and economic policy influencing the size of the market. Before we analyse the efficiency of monopolies in comparison to perfect competition, it is necessary to set the basis of measurement for both the monopolies and perfectly competitive firms. This is set out in the First Theorem of Welfare Economics; which explains the relationship between perfect competition and the efficient allocation of resources. Attaining a Pareto efficient allocation of resources requires that the rate of trade off between any two goods should be the same for all economic agents. In a perfectly competitive economy, the ratio of the price of one good to another provides the common rate of trade off to which all agents will adjust. Because all agents face the same prices, all trade off rates will be equalised and an efficient allocation will be achieved (Snyder and Nicholson, 2005, p. 471). Varian however states that the First Theorem of Welfare Economics says nothing about the distribution of economic benefits; market equilibrium might not be a â€Å"just† allocation (Varian, 1996, p. 510-511). Therefore in essence the Theorem states that a competitive economy is efficient, if a monopolist behaves non-competitively then he is behaving inefficiently. It is seen that monopolies create a Pareto inefficient level of production, relative to perfect competition; monopoly involves a loss of consumer surplus for demanders. Some of this is transferred into monopoly profits, whereas some of the loss in consumer surplus represents a deadweight loss of overall economic welfare. Snyder and Nicholson describe Pareto efficient allocation as an allocation of resources, where it is not possible through further reallocations to make one person better off without making someone else worse off (Snyder and Nicholson, 2005, p. 467). Varian further explains that a competitive industry operates where price equals marginal cost, while a monopolised industry operates where price is greater than marginal cost; therefore a higher price creates a lower output (Varian, 1996, p.411-412). [pic] From the diagram above we can see that if we get the firm to behave as a competitor and take the market price as being set exogenously. Then we would have (Pc, Yc) for competitive price and output. If the firm recognised its influence on the market price and chose its level of output so as to maximise profits, we would see monopoly price and output (Pm, Ym). Since P(y) is greater than MC(y) for all the output levels between Ym and Yc, there is a whole range of output where people are willing to pay more for a unit of output than it costs to produce it. Clearly there is potential for Pareto improvement (Varian, 1996, p. 412-413). A measure of efficiency can be produced by analysing the total surplus for a given market; this is seen by subtracting the total cost from gross consumption benefits. The higher the level of total surplus the more efficient production becomes. If perfect competition leads to an efficient output level and a monopoly leads to less output then perfect competition, it must therefore be less efficient since the monopolist produces less than the total surplus maximising level of output. Areas B and C represent the deadweight loss of a monopoly. As we move from the monopoly level of output to the competitive level of output we â€Å"sum up† the distances between the demand curve and the marginal cost curve to generate the value of the lost output due to the monopoly behaviour (Varian, 1996, p. 414-415). The loss arises because consumer gain from increasing output is larger then marginal cost but monopolies are not able to produce more. The output produced by a monopoly may not be the only thing brought up into question; quality is also an important factor regarding the efficiency of a monopoly. Whether a monopoly produces a higher or lower quality good than would be produced under competition depends on demand and the firm’s costs. The difference between the quality choice of a competitive industry and the monopolist is that the monopolist looks at the marginal valuation of one more unit of quality assuming that output is at its profit maximising level. The competitive industry looks at the marginal value of quality averaged across all output levels. Even if they were to both opt for the same output level, their quality preferences may be different. John Jewkes gives an explanation of the grounds upon which a single producer monopoly would defend its cause. The case was raised by the British Oxygen Company Ltd, which produced four points for its protection. The monopoly itself was achieved purely as a result of efficiency; the monopoly supply within the industry is more efficient than any other arrangement. With capital equipment being extremely costly and transport charges high, there would either be a duplication of equipment keeping costs up or there would be many local monopolies catering for local markets. The company had kept its prices and profits without exploiting its monopoly position, as well as keeping a strong record in research and technical progress. In this case the commission discovered that the monopoly was using its position to charge higher prices, however they accepted that there might be technical advantages in the creation of monopolies (Jewkes, 1958, p. 16-17). It seems as though there will need to be a form of regulation so as to create monopolies which keep to the efficient level of production. Technically all the regulator has to do is set price equal to marginal cost, and profit maximisation will do the rest. However, this analysis leaves out the fact that it may be that the monopolist would make negative profits at such a price. [pic] Here the minimum point of the average cost curve is to the right of the demand curve, and the intersection of demand and marginal cost lies underneath the average cost curve. Even though the level of output Ymc is efficient, it is not profitable. The natural monopolist will be unable to cover its costs and therefore run out of business. If the government was to regulate it then a point such as (Pac, Yac) would be a natural operating position. Here the firm is selling its product at the average cost of production, so it covers its costs, but it is producing too little output relative to the efficient level of output. The government may interfere and operate the natural monopoly, they let it operate where price equals marginal cost and provide a subsidy to keep the firm in operation; however it may be viewed that subsidies represent inefficiency (Varian, 1996, p. 416-418). Governments often choose to regulate natural monopolies which can affect the behaviour of regulated firms and may not necessarily lead to an efficient outcome. The idea that competitive pressures produce maximum technical efficiency may not necessarily be true; competition does not guarantee that inefficiency will not arise. The assumptions that surround perfect competition and their production of maximum technical efficiency include; firms maximising profits, they have complete knowledge of available techniques and associated costs and that there is free entry. The first two assumptions apply to monopolies and perfect competition, the final assumption states that free entry guarantees maximum technical efficiency. However at best free entry guarantees a higher level of efficiency; this is because it eliminates inefficient firms. It is not a suitable explanation for superior efficiency, since there may be other sources of efficiency, including scale economies which favour monopolies (Schwartzman, 1973, p. 759-762). There can be greater efficiency from a monopoly if we were to take price discrimination into account. Price discrimination is the practise whereby different buyers are charged different prices for the same good. It is a practise which cannot prevail in a competitive market because of arbitrage: those offered lower prices would resell to those offered higher prices and so a seller would not gain from discrimination. Its existence therefore suggests imperfections of competition (Gravelle and Rees, 1992, p. 274). A monopoly engages in price discrimination if it is able to sell otherwise identical units of output at different prices. If the firm is able to identify and separate each buyer, they may be able to charge each buyer the maximum price they would be willing to pay for each good; this is referred to as perfect or first degree price discrimination which extracts all consumer surpluses and creates no deadweight loss. In first degree price discrimination the monopolist can extract all the consumer surplus of each buyer. Total output of the good is at the level at which each buyer pays a price equal to marginal cost; thus we have the â€Å"competitive outcome†. Monopoly does not distort the allocation of resources, and so we have a Pareto efficient outcome, with the monopolist receiving all the gains from trade. Any objection to monopoly would therefore have to be on the grounds of equity, fairness of the income distribution rather than efficiency (Gravelle and Rees, 1992, p. 276). It is evident that price discrimination produces a more efficient outcome since buyers are paying the amount which they believe the good is worth. If one buyer wants the good more then another then he should be willing to pay more for it. It is extremely difficult for a monopoly to separate each individual buyer; a less stringent requirement would be to assume that the monopoly can separate its buyers into a few identifiable markets. This third degree price discrimination requires the monopoly to know the price elasticity’s of demand for each market, and set price according to the inverse elasticity rule. MC= (a) (b) We let ei and ej be the price elasticity’s of demand in the respective sub markets, equation (b) therefore comes out of a re-arrangement of equation (a). If ei=ej, then clearly there will be no discrimination, but there will be as long as the elasticity’s are unequal at the profit maximising point. We can see that in maximising profit the monopolist will always set a higher price in the market with the lower elasticity of demand (Gravelle and Rees, 1992, p. 274-275). All the monopolist needs to know is the price elasticity of demand for each market and set price according to the inverse elasticity rule. In conclusion it is evident that monopolies create inefficiency due to the low output levels which they produce at. A monopoly produces at a level where price is greater then marginal cost and therefore its output is reduced, in comparison to perfect competition where price is equal to marginal cost. Taking regulation into account still means that a monopoly is inefficient since it is being supported by subsidies from the government. However perfect competition is not necessarily more efficient then a monopoly firm, when looking at the basic assumptions of perfect competition in terms of efficiency, we can see that a difference arises due to free entry within the market. It is easy to assume that just because there is free entry it means that firms are forced to reach their highest point of efficiency, there is an increase however the maximum is not guaranteed. At the same time if a monopoly price discriminates it can achieve strong levels of efficiency. Therefore a monopolist is not necessarily less efficient than firms within perfect competition. C B Pm Pc Ym Yc MR Demand MC Output Price AC MC Demand Output Price Pac Pmc Yac Ymc Losses to the firm from marginal cost pricing [pic] [pic].

Wacoal International Aspect

Thai Wassail's general financial overview, from the year 2007 to year 2010, its total liabilities has been around 500 to 600 million baht, but in 2011, it has rose up to about 1,000 million baht, which will be further discussed in the later topic. As for its equity, it has been quite stable for the past five years, ranging from around 4,000 to 5,000 million baht. Capital Structure: Debt Financing vs.. Common Equity Financing A firm's capital structure consists of debt financing and common equity financing.Thai Wassail's debt o equity ratio is very low, so we can see that it prefers to use equity financing over debt financing. There are several reasons to a firm's financing decision by looking at the advantages and disadvantages of each method. When a firm chooses to use debt financing, it would have to pay the cost of debt, which is the interest expenses. Advantage of using debt to finance is that the interest payments can be deducted from the business income taxes. However, disadvan tages include the high cost of interest rates and high probability of bankruptcy when a rim's unable to repay the debt.We can assume that Thai Waco do not prefer to finance its funds through debt due to these two advantages. Thai Waco instead chooses to use more of the equity financing; it would be through the use of retained earnings or through the issuance of new stocks. Advantage is that it will not have to keep up with the costs of interest payments to bank loans or debt finance, allowing the capital to be used solely on business activities. The funding source for Thai Wassail's operations and investments came from its UAPITA and accumulated profits, without any debts carrying interest burdens.According to the financial statements at end 2010, the company had total liabilities of Baht 582. 96 million and shareholders' equity of Baht 5,036. 50 million. The company's liabilities shown in the financial statement consisted mostly of trade account payable and accrued expenses, which explains why the total liabilities have risen up to 582 million baht in 2010 compared to 2009. Long-Term Investments Thai Waco has registered long-term investments total of around 2,059 million baht, s compared to 1,586 million baht in the previous year, which shows an increase of 473 million baht.This was due to the largely increase in investment in debt securities and debentures. Thai Wassail's long-term investments are classified into three segments. First segment includes the investment in related companies consisting of around 912 million baht. With its outstanding investments in other companies within the same group through cross-shareholding, such investments can support its related industries, which would in turn contribute to the company's operations. Second segment includes investment in other companies consisting of around 41 5 million baht.By investing in several other businesses, Thai Waco could spread its risk over such business diversification. These companies have th eir own management authority, so there won't be any interference of Thai Waco as they are completely independent. As the result of such investments, the company could be well assured of the support in the steady supplies of materials, components, products, services, know-how, together with favorable dividend benefit from the Meany's satisfactory performances.The last segment is the investment in debt securities consisting of around 731 million baht. Reducing Foreign Exchange Rate Risk Thai Wassail's business operation relies heavily on imports and exports in the foreign currencies, so they are exposed to the risks from foreign exchange rates fluctuation. Therefore, the company uses financial instruments such as the forward contracts in order to reduce exposure to such fluctuations in foreign currency exchange. It will help to protect Thai Waco from movements in exchange rate by establishing the ate at which was agreed upon to be settled.

Graduate School Admissions Exams Masters Degree Tests

If youre applying to graduate, law, medical, or business school youll be required to take a standard entrance examination. Isnt jumping through the hoops entailed in earning a college degree enough? Not in the eyes of graduate admissions committees. Few students relish the idea of standardized tests, but they help admissions officials determine who is capable of withstanding the rigors of graduate school. Why? Standardized Exams Standardized Comparisons Standardized exams are thought to measure an applicants potential to succeed in graduate school. A high grade point average (GPA) indicates success at your college or university. Standardized tests permit fair comparisons of students from a variety of universities and colleges with potentially differing grading standards. For example, consider two applicants with GPAs of 4.0, but from different universities. Is the 4.0 from the state university similar to the 4.0 from the ivy league college? Standardized tests are also the basis for awarding fellowships and other forms of financial assistance. Which Exam is Right for You? Applicants to graduate school complete the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), which tests verbal, quantitative, and analytical abilities. The Graduate Management Admission Test (GMAT) is taken by prospective business school students also measures verbal, quantitative, and analytical skills. The GMAT is published by the  Graduate Management Admission Council, which oversees graduate programs in business. Recently some business schools have started to accept the GRE as well as the GMAT (students may take either), but be sure to check the requirements of each program.   Prospective law students take the Law School Admission Test (LSAT), which measures reading, writing, and logical reasoning. Finally, students who hope to attend medical school take the Medical College Admissions Test (MCAT). How to Prepare for Standardized Exams Most standardized graduate-school tests are designed to identify potential success or capacities for success, rather than measure specific knowledge or achievement. While some subject knowledge is essential (the Medical College Admission Test, for instance, evaluates fluency in the sciences), most standardized tests seek to judge a candidates thinking skills. That said, they really do require knowledge, specifically quantitative (math) skills, vocabulary, reading comprehension skills, and writing skills (the ability to construct an articulate, persuasive, argument). The math is reported as basic knowledge gained at the secondary school level (high school). That doesnt mean that you can expect to coast through the exam effortlessly. Take time to bone up on algebra and geometry at the minimum. Likewise most applicants find that they need to increase their vocabulary. All applicants can benefit from practice taking the exam and learning strategies for each section. While you can study o n your own with a few good test prep books (LSAT, MCAT, GRE, GMAT),   many applicants find a formal review course very helpful.   Your score on the GRE, GMAT, LSAT, or MCAT is critical to your application. Exceptional standardized test scores can open up new educational opportunities, especially for students with weak applications because of low GPAs. Many grad programs use standardized exams as screens, filtering applicants by score. However, note that although performance on standardized tests is a strong factor in the admissions process, it is not the only element that will net you an acceptance to the graduate school of your dreams. Undergraduate transcripts, recommendation letters and an admissions essay are other considerations.