Understanding Normal and Abnormal Behavior Essay Essays

Understanding Normal and Abnormal Behavior Essay Essays Understanding Normal and Abnormal Behavior Essay Paper Understanding Normal and Abnormal Behavior Essay Paper Abstraction The intent of this survey is to better understand the difference between normal and unnatural behaviour in society. Everyone has their ain perceptual experience of what is normal and what is unnatural and live their lives consequently. The intent here is show that there is no definite manner of life and that we each unrecorded by guidelines that are formed by society and are forced onto us. which we so force onto others. In the ceaseless pursuit for success and felicity. households are bombarded with information about how a purportedly normal household manages. Everything from raising kids to deciding struggle to how frequently people should do love seems to be compared to somebody’s thought of the norm. I besides discuss the significance of riotous behaviour in society which sets the land for separating normal and unnatural behaviour. Introduction Human behaviour is different wholly over the universe. Society is different and hence different things are expected of different people. Most people live harmonizing to what they believe is expected by their society and civilization. Peoples believe that in every civilization there is a „right? manner to populate and a „wrong? manner. There is a perceptual experience on how people should populate. work. where they should work. why they should work. what they should eat. where they should. where their childs should play. travel to school. what they should study†¦etc. It?s as if there is this „life handbook? being handed down from coevals to coevals which has ALL the replies. Apparently every civilization has one and EVERYONE knows it by bosom and expects everyone else to populate consequently. Peoples don?t acquire along. there is changeless struggle between who has to hold what and everyone believes they are right. Where do we pull the line between normal and u nnatural human behaviour? Who is right? How can we ourselves differentiate between the two so that our lives don?t start and terminal in struggle? The reply is to better understand what normalcy and abnormalcy truly is. The importance of holding replies to these inquiries lies in the fact that the wider our perceptual experience is on normalcy and abnormalcy the more tolerant we are of each others? behaviour. thoughts. and life picks. Alternatively. most civilizations have developed widely used positions on is accepted and what is non. go forthing really small for persons to make up ones mind on for themselves. Each and every event that has taken topographic point in our lives has left an imprint on our minds. We reflect on these imprints. what we know as memories. and develop our ain personal theories. When these thoughts and picks clash with those of what is accepted by society. the term â€Å"abnormal behavior† seems to demo its face. One of the first things to understand is that normal is non a equivalent word for stable. Normalcy is of all time altering. What is considered normal today will shortly be replaced by what is normal in the hereafter. Because people determine what is normal. every clip social values change their sentiment of what is normal will alter. The household has changed deeply over the past 50 old ages. What was considered normal hardly a coevals ago may be viewed as quaint or hopelessly outdated. Notice how the construction of American households has basically shifted in recent old ages: â€Å"The idealised norm of the modern atomic household has given manner to a multiplicity of household agreements. . . The 1950’s theoretical account of the White middle-class atomic household headed by a breadwinner-father and supported by a full-time homemaker-mother is presently found in merely eight per centum of U. S. families. Dual earning has become the norm for married twosomes. . . Through the influence of the women’s motion and swerve economic necessity. about 70 per centum of female parents of school-age kids. . . are in the work force. With a divorce rate at 50 per centum. over one-third of all kids will populate. at some point. in a single-parent household. Since the huge bulk of divorced persons go on to remarry. stepfamilies are expected to go the most common household signifier by the twelvemonth 2000? ( Froma Walsh. Family Business Review. Vol. VII. No. 2. summer 1994. Jossey-Bass Publishers. â€Å"Healthy Family Functioning: Conceptual and Research Developments. † p. 176 ) . Other factors. excessively. influence society’s definition of what is normal. Family structures can change greatly across racial and cultural lines every bit good as by income degrees. Given the variables. finding what is normal has become about hopelessly complicated. Adding to the confusion. readings of normality are frequently used interchangeably with footi ngs such as healthy. typical and functional. which besides have their several significances. Still another issue is the desire of some little groups. frequently stand foring merely a bantam per centum of society. to hold their â€Å"lifestyle† picks recognized and accepted as normal. This definition of what is normal has been debated and stretched so many ways it is virtually nonmeaningful. Definitions of Normal Acknowledging that readings of what is considered normal vary well in the societal scientific disciplines. Froma Walsh has identified four positions to assist people understand what other people consider to be normal. They are. she says. â€Å"normal as symptomless. normal as norm or typical. normal as ideal or optimum. and normal in relation to systemic transactional processes† ( Walsh. p. 176 ) . Recognize that each definition. while assisting specify what is normal. besides has its restrictions. The â€Å"normal as asymptomatic† position is a medical position of households who are considered normal and healthy if no wellness jobs are evident. Yet. as Dr. Walsh acknowledges. â€Å"healthy household working involves more than the absence of jobs and can be found in the thick of jobs. . . No households are free of problems† ( Walsh. p. 177 ) . â€Å"Normal as norm or typical† utilizations statistical norms to categorise households. If a household matches certain forms. it is considered normal. Often a bell-shaped curve is used to specify normal. with households in the in-between scope considered normal and those on the extremes viewed as divergences to be avoided. A failing of this concept is that optimally working families- those that exceed the in-between scope or average- are categorized as abnormal. There is a belief on how one should take part in society and those who do non desire to populate within the parturiency of cultural â€Å"rules† are shunned and in some instances looked down upon and are labeled â€Å"abnormal† . When people do non follow the norms of society they are believed to hold unnatural behaviour. Personally. I believe that the term â€Å"abnormal† is used when human behaviour and beliefs are non good understood. Society separates the people who choose to populate otherwise. But how can we judge when we are non certain of what is meant by abnormalcy. The definition of the word abnormal is simple plenty: deviating from the norm. However. using this to psychology airss a complex job: what is normal? Whose norm? For what age? For what civilization? Some would merely sort what is â€Å"good† as normal and what is â€Å"bad† as unnatural. but this is a obscure and narrow definition and brings up many of the same inquiries for the definition of â€Å"good† as does the definition for â€Å"normal† . There are many more ways of finding a more nonsubjective mention point. A really simple thought that can be used to sort unnatural behaviour is personal hurt. Basically. if a individual is content with their life. so they are of no concern to the mental wellness field. However. if a person’s ideas or behaviours are doing them personal uncomfortableness or sadness. so they will be considered unnatural. The most common standard for specifying abnormalcy. nevertheless. is maladaptiveness. There are two facets of maladaptive behaviour: 1. Maladaptive to one’s ego: Inability to make ends. to accommodate to the demands of life. 2. Maladaptive to society: Interferes. disrupts societal group operation. This type of definition allows much flexibleness. It provides room for conforming behaviour to society’s norms every bit good as aberrant behaviour every bit long as it is non self-damaging. It makes unnatural the comparative term it needs to be. dependent upon each individual’s life and fortunes. There are certain classs of behaviour that suggest the presence of psychological upsets which are. in one manner or another. maladaptive in that they threaten the wellbeing of the person. These classs include long periods of uncomfortableness. impaired operation. eccentric behaviour. and riotous behaviour. Long Time periods of Discomfort Given. everyone experiences some sort of psychological uncomfortableness during their life. This could be anything every bit simple as worrying about a calculus trial to sorrowing the decease of a loved 1. This hurt. nevertheless. is related to existent. related. or threatened events and passes off with clip. When such distressful feelings. nevertheless. persist for an drawn-out period of clip and look to be unrelated to events environing the individual. they would be considered unnatural and could propose a psychological upset. Impaired Functioning Here. once more. there must be made a differentiation between merely a ephemeral period of inefficiency and prolonged inefficiency which seems unaccountable. Example: a really superb individual who systematically fails categories or person who invariably changes occupations for no ground. Bizarre Behavior There are many things people do that others would happen unusual. The assorted piercings today’s younger coevals chooses to acquire and their manner of frock may look bizarre to grownups. but their motives are non difficult to understand. which keeps them from being considered clinically unnatural. Bizarre behaviour that has no rational footing. nevertheless. seems to bespeak that the person is confused. The psychoses often bring on hallucinations ( groundless centripetal perceptual experiences ) or psychotic beliefs ( beliefs which are obviously false yet held as truth by the person ) . 1 Disruptive Behavior Disruptive behaviour agencies unprompted. seemingly unmanageable behaviour that disrupts the lives of others or deprives them of their human rights on a regular footing. This type of behaviour is characteristic of a terrible psychological upset. An illustration of this is the antisocial personality upset. All of these types of behaviour are maladaptive because they straight affect the well-being of the person and those around them. and barricade the growing and fulfilment of the individual’s potency. The topic of riotous behaviour is a huge subject and can non be done justness to here but I will indicate out a few of import facets that should be kept in head. Because human existences depend on the psychological well being of each person to work decently. a nonfunctional member ( what we may call unnatural ) is distinguished by his equals and more likely dramatis personae aside. Every society has its ain civilization which tends to indicate out what is accepted and what is deemed unwanted. When one or member nowadayss a separate. different behaviour or thought which is non a portion of the usual manner of life for the members. certain incongruousnesss may originate. Depending on the specific behaviour or characteristic. this may do a break in the peaceable lives of those environing this person. Such behaviour would be considered unnatural. Although we understand that what is normal for one society may be unnatural for another and frailty versa. And every society has its ain specific manner of covering with the unnatural member ; normally one is â€Å"shunned† if non labeled with a psychological upset. I. nevertheless. personally believe the more differences. positive and negative. the better the society will turn. The inquiry here is that why are working societies intolerant of differences among the members? Why should persons with different ( negative ) life picks and behaviour forms interrupt society? Decision Based on the research I have done sing this affair. non to advert the seeable result I witness every twenty-four hours. I eventually realized that we spend excessively much clip focused on what is expected of us and that puts on a batch of force per unit area. Believing that there is a certain manner to populate and staying by the regulations creates evidences for judgement. We place judgement on others who do non follow the norms of society and we label them as abnormal. Everyone has the right to populate the manner they see fit and every bit long as no 1 crosses the line and creates chaos for those around them. we can all map usually aboard each other. There is no definite manner to make up ones mind what is normal and what is unnatural ; I excessively believe it?s all about how we function in society. A well-oiled society. in which the bulk of the people act and react. consequently. will bloom whether or non people understand the constructs of normalcy and abnormalcy. However. because we are a species of group endurance. we can non undervalue the power we have on one and other. We make up society and a society that is misfunctioning due to its members holding a negative consequence on each other is a society that will discontinue to turn in a positive mode. Chaos is normally the result of an highly ailing working society. Mentions 1. Kring. Neale. Davison A ; Johnson ; Abnormal Psychology. 2007 Psychology 101: 2. Hardy. C. A ; Latane. B ; Social Loafing on a Cheering Task ; Social Science. 71. 165-172 ; ( 1986 ) . 3. Heider. F. ; The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships. New York: Wiley ; ( 1958 ) . 4. Hull. C. L. ; Principles of behaviour ; New York: Appleton ; ( 1943 ) . 5. Hull. C. L. ; A Behavior System ; New York: Appleton ; ( 1952 ) ;

Timeline of Charlemagnes Life and Reign

Timeline of Charlemagne's Life and Reign For a quick overview of the progress of Charlemagnes life, consult the chronological listing of significant events below. Timeline 742: Charles the Great is born on April 2, traditionally in this year, but possibly as late as 747751: Charlemagnes father Pippin is declared king, beginning what would later be called the Carolingian dynasty768: Upon the death of Pippin, the kingdom of Francia is divided between Charles and his brother Carloman771: Carloman dies; Charles becomes sole ruler772: Charlemagne makes his first raid on the Saxons, which is a success; but this was just the beginning of an extended struggle against the decentralized pagan tribes774: Charlemagne conquers Lombardy and becomes King of the Lombards777: Construction of a palace in Aachen begins778: An unsuccessful siege of Saragossa, Spain, is followed by an ambush of Charlemagnes retreating army by the Basques at Roncesvalles 781: Charles makes a pilgrimage to Rome and has his son Pippin proclaimed King of Italy; here he meets Alcuin, who agrees to come to Charlemagnes court782: In response to recent attacks by Saxon leader Widukind, Charlemagne reportedly has 4,500 Saxon prisoners executed en masse 787: Charles launches his educational plan by ordering bishops and abbots to open schools near their churches and monasteries788: Charlemagne takes control of Bavaria, bringing all the territory of the Germanic tribes into one political unit791-796: Charles conducts a series of campaigns against the Avars in present-day Austria and Hungary. The Avars are eventually destroyed as a cultural entity796: Construction on the cathedral in Aachen begins799: Pope Leo III is attacked in the streets of Rome and flees to Charlemagne for protection. The king has him conducted safely back to Rome800: Charlemagne comes to Rome to oversee a synod where Leo clears himself of the charges laid on him by his enemies. At Christmas mass, Leo crowns Charlemagne Emperor804: The Saxon wars finally come to an end812: Byzantine emperor Michael I acknowledges Charlemagne as emperor, though not as Roman emperor, providing official power to the power Charles already wielded in fact813: Charles delegates imperial power to Louis, his last surviving legitimate son 814: Charlemagne dies in Aachen

Female gemital circumcision or mutillation Research Paper

Female gemital circumcision or mutillation - Research Paper Example The women are still subjugated and made docile in order to be the minions of men forever. This smacks of the wider agenda on the part of men in those countries to keep silent on the practice so that their supremacy is not threatened. Female genital mutilation is (FGM) a procedure forcibly practiced on girls for non-medical reasons mainly prompted by religious beliefs. This age-old practice has been under severe criticisms for the past more than two decades. It is a deliberate assault on the female body that is physically and psychologically damaging. In the era of human rights, the practice is highly barbaric and condemnable. This paper aims to make a systematic review of literature on the subject ranging from age-old practice, human rights violations to health ramifications. The review should rest with the latest status of the practice and conclude whether it has been completely eradicated, on the decline, on the increase instead or in the same old status and to ascertain what health authorities and human rights enforcement have achieved so far in containing the practice. Various practices include Sunna, Modified Sunna, Clitoridectomy/excision and the most extreme form of infibulations. In Sunna which means tradition in Arabic, prepuce of the clitoris is prickled, slit or removed In Modified Sunna, clitoris is either partially or totally excised. In Clitoridectomy or excision, clitoris is partly or entirely removed as also all parts or part of the labia minora. The extensive scar tissue as a result occludes vaginal opening. In the most extreme form called infibulation or pharoanic circumcision, clitoris is removed and labia minora is excised along with its inner layers (Lightfoot-Klein, 1989). The last of these procedures is followed by stitching of the raw edges with cat gut or even thorns to make the edges adhere together so as to form a scar issue as a bridge to cover the vaginal opening. And some stuff such as silver of wood

Critical Psychology and freedom Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Critical Psychology and freedom - Term Paper Example Freedom means being out of external coercion from all aspects of life. In most cases this coercion comes from the government. Globalization has been brought about by individuals desire to live better and to be free. The importance of a globalized world is the mobility associated with it across the world. The key attraction to globalization is freedom as suggested by Micklethwait and Wooldridge (2000). The nature of globalization overcomes the barriers associated with where to invest, what to buy or where to go thus giving individuals the chance to make choice. This freedom associated with globalization is in terms of social, political and economic freedom. In the case of political freedom, globalization provides for the best opportunities good governance and democracies. Globalization brings economic freedom in terms of free market competition for goods and services. Social freedom means that individuals are free to move to all parts of world and interact freely without any kind of r estriction. However some scholars According to Nikolas Rose, Freedom and its value is becoming principle of most of the political endeavor and projects. The free world where the individuals dwell is triumphed with free market economy brought about by globalization according to Rudnycky (2010). The aspect of freedom according to Nikolas Rose underpins individual’s perception of how they want to be organized, ruled and understood in respect to their predicament. In the past, freedom in all spects of life was seen to eradicate social stability, order and ethics of work, civility and the value of the family. Today with the growth of globalization, freedom is valued as it brings about social mobility. Individuals have desired to be free and are always on the motive of getting liberation. However political freedom appears to be paradoxical and is almost theoretical rather than practical. According to Rose, this is because the world today is characterized by the opposition existing between freedom and government. As suggested by Baum (2000), the value of current politics has been defined by the value of liberalism. A state which is liberal is limited in that the practices of the government are restricted by individual liberty. With the issue of globalization freedom is understood as practical, material, governmental and technical. The principle of individual freedom is only moral aspect which has led to growing and advanced civilization. Protecting and enhancing citizens’ freedom secures the state’s wealth, productivity, health and its welfare. Nikolas Rose argues that freedom has been the governments’ objective. It is also perceived as governments’ instrument and means of promoting the intervention of various governing technologies. According to Zygmunt Bauman, Freedom refers to a situation whereby the motives of the individual shape their actions and the desired results of the outcome. Just like Rose, Bauman is against the idea th at freedom existing universally. Bauman argues that freedom in the modern world is constructed as a social creation and capitalism development resulting from privileges and power. In his discussion on the concept of freedom Bauman uses three different themes as suggested by Oksala (2005). One of these themes is relational concept freedom which implies that freedom to one individual is lack of freedom t anther individual. Secondly is the issue of the influence capitalism has on modern freedoms. Finally, he underscores the idea of government’

Genie the Wild Child Essay Example for Free

Genie the Wild Child Essay 1) A case study is when researchers conduct in-depth investigations of individuals or of small groups. The EX POST FACTO method is an experimental research process, where the researcher manipulates the independent variable, while the dependable variable is controlled with the aim of establishing the effect of the independent variable on the dependable variable. There are many advantages and disadvantages to case studies. An advantage is that it can provide insight to specific cases. A disadvantage is that it may focus on isolated circumstances or events that cannot be replicated. Also a disadvantage is that people interviewed in case studies may distort their past experiences. 2) The scientists were trying to find out if people learn language from their environment or are they born with an innate ability to speak? They were also trying to find out if people can learn a language at any time in their lives or must they learn to speak when they are young? The hypothesis of their study was that she would not be able to come back to be a normal living human that is her actual age. 3) Genie spent nearly all of the first thirteen years of her life locked inside a bedroom strapped to a potty chair. She was a victim of one of the most severe cases of social isolation ever documented. Genie was discovered by Los Angeles authorities on November 4, 1970. Psychologists exhibited great interest in the case because of its perceived ability to reveal insights into the development of language and linguistic critical periods. Initially cared for in the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Genie later became the subject of bitter debate over where and with whom she should eventually live, moving between the houses of the researchers who studied her, to foster homes, to her mothers house, and finally to a sheltered home for adults with disabilities in California. Funding and research interest in her abilities eventually ceased and she quickly regressed to her previous state. 4) I do agree with Genies treatment by all involved because in the end her treatment made it possible for many new inventions for children that might have possibilities like Genies. Her case study made many people think about how children are to be brought up correctly. If I was her teacher, I would try to help her while she is in class. I would also let someone know that I think that she could have some serious problems both mentally and at home. If I was her doctor, I would put her on medication. I would also tell authorities about what is wrong with her and how her home life could possibly be causing these problems. If I was her psychiatrist, I would let authorities know about what I think is going on at her home. If I was a social worker and I saw her, I would be really concerned and want to investigate to why she is acting the way that she was. If I was someone that wanted to adopt her, I would be ready for an experience of a life time and I would also be ready to have someone that needs lots of attention living with me. 5) Her behaviors and mental processes were unlike anyone around her age group. She was very much undeveloped. Researchers believe that this was caused from the lack of human contact. Also, because Genie was brought up in an environment that was not good, her verbal skills were very poor. At the age of 13 she only could understand about 20 words. The words that she did know were harsh and unusual for a little girl to understand. 6) The last time that Genie was found by someone was in 2000. At this time she was living in a privately owned facility for six to eight mentally undeveloped adults. I feel that today she should been someone that could show people what happens to children who are brought up in poor childhoods. 7) My connection to this specific case study is that people, who are brought up in â€Å"unhealthy† early lives, are going to have problems later on in their lives. There is not a specific case study that is similar to this one for many reasons.

For the Love of High Heels Essay -- Shoes Fashion Essays

For the Love of High Heels As I watch a fellow student teeter down the stairs in the campus center, her normally flamboyant bounce is no where to be seen as she tensely grips the guardrail. She lowers herself delicately down, each step carefully calculated. Right foot, left foot, right foot, left foot- and she makes it to the bottom without mishap. The culprits encumbering her normally wild grace are easily discerned; her shoes. Her feet are wrapped up in four inch- plus a one inch platform to make for a total of five inches- fire engine red heels. They're strappy sandals that lace half way up her calves with a silk ribbon and have effectively made walking an ordeal. Why do we do this? Well darling, because "Shoes are hot!" (Benstock & Ferriss p1) That's right, shoes are hot, and the hottest ones of all are high heels. They're collected, worn, and loved by women across the globe. They're everywhere. They run rampant in books, calendars, photographs, album and movie covers, dangling in miniature precious metal versions from earlobes and chains, and let's not forget the most important place- women's closets. Shoes are no longer something one simply wears on their feet, but a passion, a hobby, one's personal statement, a source of authority, sexual independence and joy. They're a constant obsession in pop culture, endlessly talked about and fetishized in television, movies, song lyrics, and seem to be worn without fail by glamorous celebrities no matter the occasion. The most notorious of the shoe loving pop culture media is of the smash HBO series Sex in the City, in which shoes are one it's main themes. Physically high heel shoes, and specifically the stiletto, are the source of much debate. More and more studies... ...and Benstock write that there is "...satisfaction we take in having purchased a pair of shoes that 'is us,' that represents us... The fashionable dress of the Western world is one means whereby an always fragmentary self is glued together into a semblance of unified identity. Shoes serve as markers of gender, class, race, ethnicity, and even sexuality." (p4) The idea of piecing ourselves together with our things can be applied to any accessory or article of clothing, but I argue that shoes are more than that. Power, sexuality and sheer aesthetic pleasure contribute to a love of shoes. Janet Lyon reflects upon the mystery of the love of shoes writing, "How is one to account for this hypnotic allure, for so many generations of modernity's women, of the impractical, foot-deforming, outrageous shoe?....For fabulous shoes are indeed a joy." (Benstock & Ferriss p273)

Postpartum Contraception Essay

Postpartum contraceptive methods are those used by breast feeding women before twenty six days after they have given birth. Basing on the NICE guidelines, the advice on how to use these methods should be explained to the patients before their second postpartum week. The breast feeding women are allowed to use the lactational amenorrhoea method but they are not recommended to use the COCP (combined oral contraceptive pills) method by the World Health Organization before the first 42 days postpartum because it’s illegal (outside the license) (WHO, 2006). Below are some of the postpartum contraceptive methods. The contraceptive methods; The combined contraceptive pills (to the breast feeding women) This contraceptive method to breast women brings about some hormonal out comes on the quantity of milk and its quality too. If these pills are taken before 24 weeks postpartum, they affect the baby’s growth. In a previous review of randomized controlled trials held to clarify this case, the review reassured women that hormonal contraceptive method has no strong effects on the baby’s growth. On the other hand, the World Health Organization recommended that, breast feeding mothers before 24 weeks of postpartum should not use the combined contraceptive pills because its use is outside the license (WHO, 2006). Sterilization Basing on the guideline of Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, it shows that women should be alert about the consequences and the increasing rates at which sterilization fails before the postpartum period (Johnson, Edelman and Jensen, 2003). Lactational Amenorrhoe This method is scientifically proved to be effective in preventing unwanted pregnancies, given to a woman, in less than 24 weeks postpartum. As Johnson, Edelman and Jensen (2003) states, she does not experience virginal bleeding after the first seven weeks postpartum, and if she can fully breast feed the baby day and night. Progestogen injectables If this method is used before 42 days of postpartum, it means, that it has been used illegally by the applicant (outside their license). According to Johnson, Edelman and Jensen, (2003), if injectables are used in the early periods of postpartum, it may result into excessive bleeding. It is therefore, recommended that it should be used after 42 days of breast feeding. This may prolong bleeding if applied when not breast feeding in five days of delivery. Emergency contraceptive method This method is not required before twenty one days postpartum and it can be used even if the woman is breast feeding. The IUD may be used after one month postpartum. Implants and the progestogen only pills It is recommended by World Health Organization that this method should not be applied in the first 42 days postpartum (WHO, 2006). On the other hand, in the United Kingdom, this method is commonly used by women before 42 days postpartum since it is proved that it has no effect on the quantity of breast milk and the fact that it does not affect the growth of the baby during this specified period. The following have to be noted for application of POP As noted by (Guillebaud (1993) if its application is started after the first two weeks, there is need for some additional contraception and need to clarify that the woman is not pregnant. If the woman starts to experience constant menstrual cycles again, she has to begin the applying POP including the period of five days without the necessity for additional barrier methods. For Etonogestrel implants Guillebaud (1993) explains that, this can be applied between the first 21 to 28 days of delivery. If it exceeds from 28 days, there is need to apply additional contraception methods for a week. Barrier methods (condoms, cervical caps and diaphragms); Condoms It has been proved by scientists that condoms are eighty seven percent effective when used without any other protective measure. And said to be ninety eight percent effective if used with another measure of protection (spermicide). Every time you have sex, it is recommended that you use condoms (Guillebaud, 1993). Diaphragm As Guillebaud (1993) explains, scientifically, this method is said to be ninety eight percent effective that is if used correctly. It has to fitted by the doctor and used when having sex. Conclusion From what has been discussed above, there are many postpartum contraceptive choices a breast feeding woman can use like POP, COCP, barrier methods such as condoms, cervical caps and condoms, progestogen only pills, and others. Some women are using the COCP method, for example, women in UK, before the first 42 days postpartum and yet it is not recommended by WHO. We there by strongly conclude that women should be keen when taking postpartum contraceptives for the seek of their healthy and the child they have, it is important that they should follow the recommendations of the World Health regarding postpartum contraceptives. Reference Guillebaud, J (1993): Postpartum Contraception: Unnecessary before three weeks: BMJ, Vol. 307, 6918; p 1558-61 Johnson L, Edelman A, and Jensen J (2003): Patient satisfaction and the impact of written material about postpartum contraceptive decisions: AMJ Obstet Gynecology; Vol. 188, 5, p, 1201-5 WHO (2006): Medical eligibility criteria for contraception: Available online at: www. who. int/reproductive-health/public/mec/mec. pdf

Natural Environment Essay

IB Environmental Science and Society. In this class, we focused on the ways that society affects our environment and vice versa. It opened my eyes to the fact that we can be environmentally conscious while utilizing our natural resources. I became determined to become involved with the oil and gas industry that provides so much support for Alaska’s economy, while considering the unique environment around us. I have been accepted to and intend to attend the University of Alaska Fairbanks to study Petroleum Engineering, with a minor in Environmental Politics. This particular program focuses on Alaska’s unique petroleum resources and environment. My Environmental Politics education will be a beneficial supplement and balance to my study of petroleum engineering, as I will learn the necessary precautions that must be taken when handling natural resources, and also because I will be exposed to the political issues surrounding natural resource extraction on a local and global scale. I have been accepted into the UAF Honor’s College, which I intend to become a part of, in an effort to get the most out of my education and surround myself with other students that are as focused as I am. UAF also appeals to me given the opportunities for summer internships with oil companies that operate in Alaska, many of which lead to long-term jobs after graduation. I wholeheartedly intend to stay in Alaska, but I am also interested in the international programs offered by several large oil companies as a chance to see the way other parts of the world extract and utilize their natural resources. Though it still seems far off, I am also strongly considering going for a Master’s degree at UAF in Engineering Management to be competitive and more prepared to become a leader in my field. In my career, I am most interested in increasing the efficiency of oil extraction and transportation through technology, in order to maximize the productivity and environmental safety while minimizing cost and time. Outside of my employment, I also look forward to encouraging young people, especially girls, to pursue math and science related fields, as my mother and aunt have done for me, and it has made all the difference in my decision to pursue a challenging, male-dominated field with confidence. I am confident that I will be a strong addition to the team working in Alaska to utilize our resources and improve our economy, while protecting our environment.

Brainstorming Essay Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration

Brainstorming Essay Essays - Social Psychology, Collaboration Brainstorming Essay Traditional vs Modern societies Simranjit Kaur 214493498 The essay topic I have chosen to do is comparing and contrasting traditional and modern societies. I found this topic very interesting because I would be analyzing how society has changed over time. Society will forever be changing and its interesting to know how the first societies came to be. My argument would be that modern and traditional societies do have many differences but the most important differences are the social structure, mass consumption, and family structure. I am also more sympathetic towards modern society's, because traditional societies are very sexist and unfair by the way they treat children. Modern society lets individuals be themselves and grow as a person, where as in traditional society people were conformed and did not have much freedom. In traditional society, a person could not enjoy life instead they had duties they had to fulfill for their family's honour. Today, women have freedom and rights, they can get married to whoever, have an career, and be treated with respect. Traditional society did not value women, they were to have lots of sons and stay loyal, while their husbands could have affairs and abuse them. Another reason I prefer the modern society is because of the reason that marriages were arranged in rational society. Romantic love is common and accepted in modern society where as in traditional society it was forbidden. People did not have a choice on who they could marry, which I believe is not right. Even though these societies have their differences, there are similarities as well, for example they both have some sort of family. Traditional societies had extended family's, and today families are usually smaller but there are many households in modern society that still have extended families. In conclusion, modern society provides more opportunism for individuals.

8 ideas for experienced teachers who want a second career

8 ideas for experienced teachers who want a second career Teaching is both rewarding and difficult. There’s a lot to love about the profession, particularly having a front seat to witness students growing and learning throughout the school year. But over the long term teachers can get worn out- and are often overworked for little pay. The good news for experienced teachers is that the profession comes with a number of translatable skills. In addition to particular subject area knowledge, experienced teachers possess excellent public speaking, presentation, and leadership skills, and establish themselves as effective communicators- not just with school-aged populations, but also among parents, colleagues, and administrators. Teachers are also adept at detail-oriented work like editing, long-term planning of activities, and meeting educational goals.If you’re looking to leave the traditional classroom, the skills you’ve acquired as a teacher are can translate to many jobs in varying fields. Let’s look at a few.8 no n-classroom jobs for teachers1. Employee training/HRMany companies offer workshops, new employee training, and orientations, and need someone to run them. These employee training activities require someone with a similar skillset to teaching. Often housed in the HR Department, the presentation and transfer of knowledge in a corporate setting can offer experienced teachers a place to use their communication skills to help employees learn about their company and enrich their experiences at work.2. School administratorWhether in the area of running the day-to-day business of the school or assisting in curriculum development, teaching experience is a boon for any administrative position. From school principals to university registrars, there are a variety of positions that help keep a school running, and most positions require advanced degrees. This is a good position for teachers who are devoted to the educational system, but worn out on teaching in the classroom.3. Residential life c oordinator/Youth organization directorThe organizational skills required to plan a year of lessons and be flexible minute to minute in the classroom translate well to camps, youth organizations, and residential life departments of college campuses. Teaching experience means you will be adept at the long-term planning required in these roles, and familiarity with specific age groups in a classroom setting gives you a leg up, as you must show you can deal with large groups of people and keep them organized and engaged.4. Freelance writing and editingTeachers’ communications skills translate well to writing and editing positions, where they can use their expertise to educate outside of the classroom. Writing offers more flexibility than teaching, but less job security- especially as most writers work on a freelance basis. Editing positions, where a teacher can be called upon as a subject-matter expert to review and offer advice on their topic of knowledge, are another great free lance opportunity.5. Guidance counselorGuidance counselors must have specific knowledge about school-age populations, testing, and school district guidelines, as well as the ability to tap into a student’s motivation. Teachers already know how to do this well. In most cases, guidance counselors need to be licensed, and in some states, they need to have a master’s degree. While this job is very much adjacent to the classroom, as the primary goal is guiding students toward their educational goals, the change from classroom to office is a big one. Even so, you’re still in a school setting so that the career will feel s.6. Academic librarianExperienced teachers fit well into the role of librarian, as they have experience engaging with students while helping them in educational settings. In academic libraries, there are subject librarians with particular knowledge in certain areas (similar to teaching) that help students and faculty find resources to help with their research. Academic librarians often give presentations or build websites for university classes to help them learn how to use library tools. This role requires a graduate degree in library and information science, but for teachers looking to make a career move it can be a great option.7. Event plannerLarge-scale events, from evening receptions to corporate meetings, require a lot of planning over months and need planners with ability to think on their feet to make sure the day of the event runs smoothly. As they coordinate speakers, catering, and venue staff, event planners must be detail-oriented, effective communicators who are comfortable with large groups. While a departure from teaching, running a big event and coordinating all the details requires a similar skillset and can be a new avenue for a teacher looking to embark on a totally different career.8. Teaching outside the classroomEssentially â€Å"freelance† teaching, this option offers educators the ability to set t heir own schedules. Beyond the traditional classroom setting in schools, there are growing opportunities for online teaching or tutoring one-on-one or in small groups. Educators who don’t want to branch out on their own can also work through an agency. For teachers who have frustration with the school system but still have the teaching bug, this route can provide more freedom while still changing students’ lives.

My plan & internship 1st week report (B) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

My plan & internship 1st week report (B) - Essay Example My first week will be spent as a teller. This is a front liner job. To impress my supervisor and to do well as a teller, I will come to work early so that I have already familiarized myself with the job before the bank opens. I anticipate that there will be a system that will be used and I have to take time to learn it. Coming in early will help me learn it quickly. The rest of the three week period will be about customer service and this is where my supervisor and co-workers will be helpful. I will listen intently to what they have to teach me and observe them so that I can do customer service well. I will try to be as pleasant as possible to everybody. The internship went well but not without issues. I was however able to overcome the issues presented to me. I was nervous during the first few days because I was not familiar with bank operations. At first, I was hesitant to ask questions first because I was initially intimidated with my colleagues who seemed to be very busy all the time. I took initiative the initiative however to be confident enough to ask questions to my supervisor as well as my co-workers for me to learn about the job. It served me well during my first week as a teller because it was my adjustment period. The succeeding weeks was about customer service. During this time, I have to familiarize myself with the several systems that the bank used such as Phoenix, a system used for handling customer’s account information and lastly, QMATIC which puts order in servicing customers. These systems enable me to facilitate deposit and withdrawals, transfer money from one account to another, cash box at the end of the day as well as put order in the servicing of customers in the bank. Working in bank is not easy because it requires us to work fast without committing any errors. Thus I was told by my supervisor to learn time management to be able to service as many customers as possible